Here are answers to some of the most commonly asked questions.

WHAT IS PERIODONTAL DISEASE?
Periodontal disease is an infection which affects the gums, bone and other supporting tissues of our teeth. Caused by plaque which is a sticky film of bacteria that forms continually on our teeth. Many of us may suffer a less serious form of reversible inflammation called Gingivitis occasionally. Those who develop a more severe form, called Periodontitis, are at the greatest risk of tooth loss; as teeth become loose, fall out or may have to be removed.

WHY DO SOME PEOPLE SUFFER WORSE GUM DISEASE THAN OTHERS?
* Some people may be more genetically predisposed to severe periodontal disease. There are a number of other factors which affect disease development.
* Family history, stress and tobacco smoking are crucial factors. General conditions such as diabetes could also make a person more prone to periodontal disease.
* Stopping smoking is very important as it can reduce the risk of gum problems beginning and increases the effectiveness of eventual treatment.

HOW DO YOU TREAT GUM DISEASE?
Prevention is very important, so regular trips to your dentist are necessary if problems are to be avoided or treated at an early stage.

The course of treatment you receive depends on two factors, the first is the type of gum disease present and the second is how advanced the condition has become.

Initially, your periodontist will carry out a very comprehensive examination of your mouth and gums. A chart will be created which records details of the examination and this will also be used to monitor the success of the treatment. Your periodontist will take x-rays to pinpoint where certain problems are located.

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One of the main points is effective cleaning between the teeth and you will be shown how to do this. It may include using floss, special brushes or tape, and possibly the use of a mouthwash will be suggested. This visit is likely to include scaling by the hygienist to make this cleaning easier to carry out.

When the conditions above the gum have become better, then there may be a need for thorough tooth cleaning below the gum-line. Tartar and plaque deposits are removed and the roots of the teeth are smoothed. It is likely the treated areas will be numbed first to make the process more comfortable. Sometimes antibiotics or antiseptics may be used, which will encourage healing and stop a disease worsening.

Serious disease can require the use of a variety of surgical practices including pocket reduction and techniques to regenerate or rebuild some of the lost gum.

Some techniques allow for gum recession to be treated which improves the appearance of the teeth, and can aid the dentist in constructing new crowns or bridges.

Everything is clearly explained to you during your consultation and first visit.

WHAT IS THE NEXT STEP AFTER TREATMENT?
Generally there is a period of maintenance care, in which progress is monitored, and allows for treatment if a disease returns. This could be performed by your periodontist to begin with, then followed up by your hygienist or dentist.